Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) Therapeutic Landscape: From Regenerative Medicine Potential to Manufacturing, Safety, and C
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells capable of differentiating into bone, cartilage, and adipose lineages and modulating immune responses through paracrine signaling
. Their immunomodulatory properties and trophic factor secretion have made them attractive candidates for a variety of clinical applications: orthopedics (cartilage and bone repair), cardiovascular repair post-myocardial injury, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and wound-healing applications. MSC therapies have progressed through numerous early-phase clinical trials, demonstrating safety and variable efficacy signals across indications. Development efforts increasingly focus on defining the optimal cell source (bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord), dosing strategies, and delivery routes—local injection, systemic infusion, or scaffold-integrated implantation—to maximize therapeutic benefit.
Translational success hinges on consistent manufacturing, potency assays, and robust characterization of cell identity and functional attributes. Advanced manufacturing approaches include closed bioreactor systems, GMP-compliant expansion protocols, and cryopreservation strategies that preserve viability and function. Potency assays that quantify immunomodulatory or regenerative activity—such as cytokine…
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